新冠肺炎疫情 COVID-19 (Pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus )

2020年年初，一场疫情肆虐。我们来看下这个影响了世界的病毒有哪些特点。

1.病毒特点

The virus features

COVID-19 is a new pathogen, which is highly contagious and can spread quickly

该病毒是一种新的病原体，传染性强、传播速度快

2. 病毒属性

Zoonotic origins

COVID-19 is a zoonotic virus, meaning it originated from animals

动物源性病毒

 

Early cases are believed to be infected from a zoonotic source

早期病例是通过动物传染人。

As of February 25, the animal source has not yet been identified

截至2月25日，尚未查明动物来源。

3. 病毒宿主

Reservoir

Bats appear to be the reservoir of COVID-19 virus, but the intermediate host (s) has not yet been identified

蝙蝠似乎是病毒宿主，但中间宿主尚未查明

4. 传播途径

Routes of transmission

The novel coronavirus is transmitted via droplets and formites during close unprotected contact between an infector and infectee

无防护状态下通过飞沫和密切接触传播

 

It can be envisaged if certain aerosol-generating procedures are conducted in healthcare facilities

医疗机构中或可存在因医疗操作产生气溶胶而发生空气传播

5. 传播来源

Transmission source

 

To date, most of the recorded cases were imported from or had direct links to Wuhan/Hubei

绝大多数病例来自武汉或湖北或与之有直接联系

 

Community transmission has been very limited. Most locally generated cases have been clustered, the majority of which have occurred in households.

社区传播非常有限，人际传播主要在家庭中发生

 

5. 易感人群

Susceptible group

 

Everyone is assumed to be susceptible

几乎人人易感

 

Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19

中国-世卫组织

新冠肺炎

联合考察报告

 

1. 无症状感染者

Asymptomatic infections

The proportion of truly asymptomatic infections is unclear

无症状感染者的比例尚不明确

 

Appears to be relatively rare

相对较罕见

 

 

2. 患者

Patients

Incubation period: average 5-6 days, range 1-14 days

平均潜伏期5至6天，范围1至14天

 

Signs and symptoms: mild respiratory symptoms and fever

症状：轻度呼吸道症状、发热等症状

Most people infected with the virus have mild disease and can recover. Individuals at the highest risk for severe disease and death include people aged over 60, and those with underlying conditions

轻重症人群：多数患者为轻症可痊愈 ，重症和死亡高位人群为年龄60岁以上，以及患有基础病者。

3. 封闭场所疫情

Transmission in closed settings

In prisons and hospitals

场所：监狱、医院等

The close proximity and contact among people in these settings and the potential for environmental contamination are important factors

传播的重要因素：人际间的密切接触；潜在的环境污染

4. For the public

对公众的建议

Outbreaks can be managed with the right response

采取正确的应对措施，疫情爆发就可得到控制。

Frequently wash hands and always cover your mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing

勤洗手、打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻

 

Continually update yourself on COVID-19 and its signs and symptoms

关注新冠肺炎相关的最新信息，不断调整应对策略

Be prepared to actively support a response to COVID-19

 

积极参与疫情防控

 

Adopt stringent “social distancing practices”

严格保持“社交距离”

Help the high-risk elderly population

努力帮助老年人等高危人群

 

5.  The China Response

中国措施

Non-pharmaceutical measures

综合性非药物性干预措施

 

Extremely proactive surveillance to immediately detect cases

开展积极主动监测

Very rapid diagnosis and immediate case isolation

迅速发现并立即诊断、隔离病例

Rigorous tracking and quarantine of close contacts

严格追踪并隔离密切接触者

An exceptionally high degree of population understanding and acceptance of these measures

引导民众理解并接受上述措施

 

6. 成果

Achievements

Provide vital lessons for the global response

为全球应对新冠肺炎提供了重要经验

Reverse the escalating cases in both Hubei and in an importation provinces

彻底扭转了湖北和其他地区不断升级的疫情形势